{"id":9413,"date":"2025-09-01T00:00:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T00:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diwanalomran.com\/?p=9413"},"modified":"2026-02-20T18:44:53","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T18:44:53","slug":"lexpulsion-forcee-comme-instrument-de-reconfiguration-de-la-ville-egyptienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diwanalomran.com\/fr\/lexpulsion-forcee-comme-instrument-de-reconfiguration-de-la-ville-egyptienne\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019expulsion forc\u00e9e comme instrument de reconfiguration de la ville \u00e9gyptienne"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Article de recherche publi\u00e9 par Diwan Alomran pour les \u00c9tudes Urbaines<\/strong>, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Ibrahim Ezzeldin<\/strong>, chercheur principal et cofondateur de Diwan Alomran.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Cet article examine la question des expulsions forc\u00e9es en \u00c9gypte en tant que pratique enracin\u00e9e et syst\u00e9matique, \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e aux discours du \u00ab d\u00e9veloppement \u00bb et du \u00ab r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement \u00bb. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il s\u2019agit de l\u2019un des d\u00e9fis les plus graves pos\u00e9s aux droits humains fondamentaux, en particulier au droit \u00e0 un logement ad\u00e9quat et \u00e0 une vie digne. Bien que l\u2019\u00c9gypte ait adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 des conventions et trait\u00e9s internationaux l\u2019engageant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger ces droits, l\u2019\u00e9tude met en \u00e9vidence un \u00e9cart manifeste entre les engagements internationaux de l\u2019\u00c9tat et son cadre l\u00e9gislatif ainsi que ses politiques urbaines, souvent mobilis\u00e9s au service d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques au d\u00e9triment de la justice sociale.<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re partie d\u00e9montre que les lois \u00e9gyptiennes \u2014 telles que la loi sur l\u2019expropriation et la loi unifi\u00e9e de la construction \u2014 ne comportent pas de dispositions explicites criminalisant les expulsions forc\u00e9es. Elles conf\u00e8rent de larges pr\u00e9rogatives \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutive sous le pr\u00e9texte de \u00ab l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public \u00bb, sans d\u00e9finitions pr\u00e9cises ni crit\u00e8res de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 clairement \u00e9tablis. Ces lois excluent \u00e9galement des m\u00e9canismes de consultation effective avec les r\u00e9sidents concern\u00e9s et ne pr\u00e9voient pas de garanties substantielles lors de la mise en \u0153uvre ou apr\u00e8s celle-ci. Par ailleurs, les voies de recours demeurent limit\u00e9es et les compensations sont souvent insuffisantes, \u00e9tant calcul\u00e9es uniquement sur la base de la valeur marchande, sans prise en compte des pertes sociales et \u00e9conomiques plus larges.<\/p>\n

La deuxi\u00e8me partie r\u00e9v\u00e8le que, depuis 2014, les politiques de d\u00e9veloppement urbain ont adopt\u00e9 une orientation fortement ax\u00e9e sur l\u2019investissement, transformant l\u2019\u00c9tat en \u00ab promoteur immobilier \u00bb \u00e0 travers l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des nouvelles communaut\u00e9s urbaines. Les terrains et les unit\u00e9s de logement sont ainsi devenus des instruments de rentabilit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t que des droits sociaux. Cette mutation a entra\u00een\u00e9 une augmentation significative des co\u00fbts du logement, y compris pour les unit\u00e9s de logement social destin\u00e9es aux groupes \u00e0 faible revenu, rendant l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un logement ad\u00e9quat de plus en plus difficile. Des cas tels que l\u2019\u00eele de Warraq et Ras El-Hekma illustrent des politiques d\u2019expulsion mises en \u0153uvre sans consentement libre et \u00e9clair\u00e9 ni indemnisation \u00e9quitable. Des terres habit\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 saisies puis r\u00e9int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans de vastes projets d\u2019investissement ciblant des cat\u00e9gories \u00e0 revenu plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, tandis que les r\u00e9sidents d\u2019origine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de force.<\/p>\n

L\u2019article conclut que le d\u00e9veloppement urbain en \u00c9gypte refl\u00e8te de plus en plus la transformation de l\u2019\u00c9tat, pass\u00e9 d\u2019un garant du droit au logement \u00e0 un acteur \u00e9conomique cherchant \u00e0 maximiser ses profits. Cette \u00e9volution accentue les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales et approfondit les d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 la justice urbaine.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ces constats, l\u2019\u00e9tude formule plusieurs recommandations majeures :<\/p>\n

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    R\u00e9former le cadre l\u00e9gislatif afin de criminaliser les expulsions forc\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment aux normes internationales.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    R\u00e9orienter les politiques urbaines vers la justice sociale, en garantissant la fourniture de logements ad\u00e9quats et abordables pour les groupes vuln\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Renforcer la participation communautaire et la transparence dans les processus de planification et de mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u00c9tablir des m\u00e9canismes efficaces de recours et d\u2019indemnisation \u00e9quitable respectant la dignit\u00e9 et les droits des r\u00e9sidents affect\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    En d\u00e9finitive, l\u2019article affirme que la conciliation entre les objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et la protection des droits humains ne constitue pas une consid\u00e9ration secondaire, mais bien une condition fondamentale pour la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une justice urbaine durable, respectueuse de la dignit\u00e9 humaine et garante du droit au logement et \u00e0 des conditions de vie d\u00e9centes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Article de recherche publi\u00e9 par Diwan Alomran pour les \u00c9tudes Urbaines, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Ibrahim Ezzeldin, chercheur principal et cofondateur de Diwan Alomran. Cet article examine la question des expulsions forc\u00e9es en \u00c9gypte en tant que pratique enracin\u00e9e et syst\u00e9matique, \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e aux discours du \u00ab d\u00e9veloppement \u00bb et du \u00ab r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement \u00bb. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"map":"","pdf":"https:\/\/diwanalomran.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Forced-Eviction-as-an-Instrument-for-the-Restructuring-of-the-Egyptian-City-1.pdf","cover":"5595","state":"","city":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629","_field_43233":"","_field_4327777":"","qdate":0,"cases_count":"","mashro":"","field_31684":[],"_field_43349":"","qlink":"","statusx":"","typex":"","yearx":"","numx":"","relnumx":"","relyearx":"","reltypex":"","relfield_31685":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[56],"capqanon":[],"mapcap":[],"authors":[106],"class_list":["post-9413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-documents-de-recherche","tag---fr","authors-ibrahim-ezz-el-din"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019expulsion forc\u00e9e comme instrument de reconfiguration de la ville \u00e9gyptienne - \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/diwanalomran.com\/fr\/lexpulsion-forcee-comme-instrument-de-reconfiguration-de-la-ville-egyptienne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019expulsion forc\u00e9e comme instrument de reconfiguration de la ville \u00e9gyptienne\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Article de recherche publi\u00e9 par Diwan Alomran pour les \u00c9tudes Urbaines, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Ibrahim Ezzeldin, chercheur principal et cofondateur de Diwan Alomran. Cet article examine la question des expulsions forc\u00e9es en \u00c9gypte en tant que pratique enracin\u00e9e et syst\u00e9matique, \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e aux discours du \u00ab d\u00e9veloppement \u00bb et du \u00ab r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement \u00bb. 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