{"id":2521,"date":"2022-12-18T17:11:56","date_gmt":"2022-12-18T17:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diwanalomran.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/"},"modified":"2025-04-05T19:55:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T19:55:01","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diwanalomran.com\/fr\/%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"L’histoire des crises du logement en \u00c9gypte"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le d\u00e9but de la crise des zones informelles au XXe si\u00e8cle<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le XXe si\u00e8cle marque le v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9but de l’apparition progressive de la crise des zones informelles. Au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle, l’\u00c9gypte ne souffrait pas autant d’un \u00e9cart r\u00e9el dans le secteur du logement, comme elle l’a fait \u00e0 la fin du si\u00e8cle. Il y avait un certain \u00e9quilibre entre l’offre et la demande sur le march\u00e9 immobilier \u00e9gyptien. De plus, il n’y avait pas encore de grande vague d’industrialisation, qui est apparue dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle, et la situation \u00e9conomique de la population \u00e9gyptienne \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 n’\u00e9tait pas aussi prosp\u00e8re pour susciter un d\u00e9sir de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ou de mobilit\u00e9 vers des zones urbaines, comme cela s’est produit plus tard. Sans parler de la situation sociale, qui \u00e9tait relativement homog\u00e8ne au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

L’impact de la Seconde Guerre mondiale sur le secteur de la construction<\/strong><\/p>\n

La Seconde Guerre mondiale a \u00e9clat\u00e9 en 1939 et a eu des r\u00e9percussions importantes sur de nombreux secteurs qui touchaient la vie des habitants du monde \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque. Ainsi, le secteur du logement et de la construction n’a pas \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 ces changements. Avec le d\u00e9clenchement de la guerre, la construction a cess\u00e9 dans de nombreux pays, en raison de la p\u00e9nurie de mat\u00e9riaux de construction comme l’acier et le ciment. Cela a affect\u00e9 l’\u00c9gypte, ce qui a pouss\u00e9 le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien \u00e0 imposer un \u00e9tat d’urgence et \u00e0 \u00e9mettre un d\u00e9cret militaire gelant la valeur locative des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s lou\u00e9es, ainsi qu’\u00e0 prolonger la relation locative et emp\u00eacher les propri\u00e9taires de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s apr\u00e8s la fin du contrat de location. Cela a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but de la crise pour les propri\u00e9taires de logements, qui se sont trouv\u00e9s face \u00e0 deux probl\u00e8mes principaux : premi\u00e8rement, la valeur locative est devenue fixe et ne pouvait pas augmenter en fonction des fluctuations \u00e9conomiques, et deuxi\u00e8mement, les propri\u00e9taires ne pouvaient pas utiliser leurs biens \u00e0 d’autres fins. Ces politiques ont perdur\u00e9 jusqu’\u00e0 la fin du premier semestre du XXe si\u00e8cle, ce qui a r\u00e9duit l’int\u00e9r\u00eat des propri\u00e9taires et des investisseurs pour la construction de nouveaux logements.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00f4le de l’arm\u00e9e \u00e9gyptienne dans le changement politique de 1952<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Mohamed Naguib, commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es, au peuple \u00e9gyptien. L’\u00c9gypte a travers\u00e9 une p\u00e9riode difficile dans son histoire r\u00e9cente, marqu\u00e9e par la corruption, les pots-de-vin et l’instabilit\u00e9 du pouvoir, ce qui a eu un impact majeur sur l’arm\u00e9e et a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 notre d\u00e9faite lors de la guerre de Palestine. Apr\u00e8s cette guerre, les facteurs de corruption et la trahison des tra\u00eetres ont continu\u00e9 de nuire \u00e0 l’arm\u00e9e. Le pays a \u00e9t\u00e9 gouvern\u00e9 par des dirigeants ignorants, tra\u00eetres ou corrompus, jusqu’\u00e0 ce que l’\u00c9gypte se retrouve sans arm\u00e9e pour la prot\u00e9ger. C’est pourquoi nous avons purg\u00e9 notre arm\u00e9e et avons plac\u00e9 \u00e0 sa t\u00eate des hommes de confiance, dont la capacit\u00e9, la morale et le patriotisme ne font aucun doute. Tout le peuple \u00e9gyptien se r\u00e9jouira de cette nouvelle, et ceux que nous avons arr\u00eat\u00e9s parmi les anciens membres de l’arm\u00e9e ne seront pas l\u00e9s\u00e9s et seront lib\u00e9r\u00e9s en temps voulu. Je tiens \u00e0 rassurer le peuple \u00e9gyptien que l’arm\u00e9e travaille d\u00e9sormais au service de la nation dans le cadre de la constitution, sans autre objectif. Je demande \u00e9galement au peuple de ne permettre \u00e0 personne parmi les tra\u00eetres de recourir \u00e0 des actes de sabotage ou de violence, car cela ne sert pas les int\u00e9r\u00eats de l’\u00c9gypte. Toute action de ce type sera r\u00e9prim\u00e9e s\u00e9v\u00e8rement, et son auteur sera puni comme un tra\u00eetre sur-le-champ. L’arm\u00e9e accomplira cette mission en coop\u00e9ration avec la police, et je tiens \u00e0 rassurer nos fr\u00e8res \u00e9trangers sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats, de leurs vies et de leurs biens, l’arm\u00e9e se portant garante de tout cela. Dieu est le meilleur des conseillers.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les politiques des ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960 et l’impact sur l’habitat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ces mots \u00e9taient la d\u00e9claration du Mouvement de juillet 1952, imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s que l’arm\u00e9e, dirig\u00e9e par les officiers libres, a renvers\u00e9 le r\u00e9gime monarchique et annonc\u00e9 la transformation de l’\u00c9gypte en r\u00e9publique. Ce mouvement, l’un des plus marquants dans l’histoire de l’\u00c9gypte, a eu un impact majeur sur la forme et la nature de l’urbanisme en \u00c9gypte jusqu’\u00e0 aujourd’hui. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960, le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien a pris plusieurs d\u00e9cisions visant \u00e0 gagner le soutien populaire pour l’exp\u00e9rience socialiste. Parmi ces d\u00e9cisions, figuraient les lois et r\u00e9glementations successives qui r\u00e9duisaient la valeur locative des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res lou\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les lois de r\u00e9duction des loyers ont conduit \u00e0 une baisse de l’int\u00e9r\u00eat des investisseurs immobiliers pour la construction de nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, \u00e0 tel point que la p\u00e9riode des ann\u00e9es 1960 a vu des tentatives de fraude aux lois sur les loyers, en inscrivant une valeur bien sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle du bien immobilier. Il est donc devenu \u00e9vident pour l’\u00c9tat qu’il y avait une d\u00e9faillance dans sa politique publique qui n\u00e9cessitait une r\u00e9forme. Cependant, la politique de r\u00e9duction des loyers et de gel des loyers s’est poursuivie et s’est m\u00eame \u00e9tendue.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences des politiques sur le secteur immobilier<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ainsi, les politiques de r\u00e9duction des loyers ont commenc\u00e9 au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle et se sont \u00e9tendues dans la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du m\u00eame si\u00e8cle. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9 par la nationalisation des entreprises, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de l’administration socialiste, et de nombreuses entreprises de construction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nationalis\u00e9es. Pendant ce temps, les entreprises publiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9es \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler le secteur de la construction et \u00e0 produire des unit\u00e9s r\u00e9sidentielles. Cependant, cette pouss\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 une surprise, et le secteur public n’\u00e9tait pas pr\u00eat \u00e0 cela, ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9vident dans l’incapacit\u00e9 des entreprises publiques \u00e0 terminer les unit\u00e9s r\u00e9sidentielles qui leur \u00e9taient assign\u00e9es. Cela a conduit l’\u00c9tat \u00e0 revoir ses politiques de r\u00e9ticence envers les entreprises priv\u00e9es et \u00e0 leur permettre d’augmenter leur capital dans des projets immobiliers.<\/p>\n

Les ann\u00e9es 1960 et l’industrialisation de l’\u00c9gypte<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les ann\u00e9es 1960 ont vu un grand d\u00e9veloppement de l’industrialisation, en ligne avec les objectifs des politiques publiques de l’\u00c9tat de l’\u00e9poque. Il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9vu de construire plusieurs nouvelles usines dans diff\u00e9rentes provinces, afin de diffuser la population et d’\u00e9viter sa concentration dans certaines zones. Cependant, des \u00e9v\u00e9nements politiques survenus dans les ann\u00e9es 1950, comme des gr\u00e8ves de travailleurs dans la province de Gharbia et des manifestations appelant au retrait de l’arm\u00e9e des affaires politiques, ont contraint l’\u00c9tat \u00e0 r\u00e9\u00e9valuer ces plans. Au lieu de disperser les usines dans les provinces, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 concentr\u00e9es dans les grandes villes, proches de la r\u00e9gion du Caire, afin de faciliter le contr\u00f4le s\u00e9curitaire de tout \u00e9v\u00e9nement similaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le d\u00e9but de la crise des zones informelles au XXe si\u00e8cle Le XXe si\u00e8cle marque le v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9but de l’apparition progressive de la crise des zones informelles. Au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle, l’\u00c9gypte ne souffrait pas autant d’un \u00e9cart r\u00e9el dans le secteur du logement, comme elle l’a fait \u00e0 la fin du si\u00e8cle. Il y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"map":"","pdf":"","cover":"","state":"","city":"","_field_43233":"","_field_4327777":"","qdate":0,"cases_count":"","mashro":"","field_31684":[],"_field_43349":"","qlink":"","statusx":"","typex":"","yearx":"","numx":"","relnumx":"","relyearx":"","reltypex":"","relfield_31685":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"capqanon":[],"mapcap":[],"authors":[],"class_list":["post-2521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-analyses"],"yoast_head":"\nL'histoire des crises du logement en \u00c9gypte - \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/diwanalomran.com\/\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e-\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646-\u0641\u064a-\u0645\u0635\u0631\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'histoire des crises du logement en \u00c9gypte\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le d\u00e9but de la crise des zones informelles au XXe si\u00e8cle Le XXe si\u00e8cle marque le v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9but de l’apparition progressive de la crise des zones informelles. Au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle, l’\u00c9gypte ne souffrait pas autant d’un \u00e9cart r\u00e9el dans le secteur du logement, comme elle l’a fait \u00e0 la fin du si\u00e8cle. 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